Introduction Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate, commonly known as TEMED (N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethylethylenediamine), is a versatile reagent widely used in various scientific and educational applications. Its primary role is to accelerate the polymerization of acrylamide, which is crucial for preparing polyacrylamide gels used in electrophoresis. Beyond this, TEMED has found applications in numerous other areas, including material science, biochemistry, and...